One of the most important EHD is electrospinning, which is a cost-efficient method to fabricate fibers, either in the laboratory or in the industrial scale. Electrospinning realizes the direct encapsulation of pharmaceutical agents or biomolecules in the fibers, protecting them from the surrounding environment while at the same time controlling their release. Coaxial electrospinning is a modification of the process, which enables the creation of structures with coreeshell fiber morphology. Numerous scientific studies have indicated the capability of electrospun fibers to be used as drug delivery systems (DDSs). The main aim of this review is to summarize the basic principles of electrospinning as well as the most recent developments regarding biomedical engineering, focusing on drug delivery.