3.5. Effects of actin-modifying treatments To further explore the possible involvement of the actin cytoskeleton in syncytium formation, we disturb actin structures in HAb2 cells with actin depolymerizing (cytochalasin D and latrunculin A) or actin polymerizing (jasplakinolide) reagents [38]. Note that jasplakinolide under our conditions is also expected to disorder the actin cytoskeleton [39]. The concentrations of actinmodifying reagents in these experiments are within the ranges recommended by Invitrogen protocols and used in earlier studies ([40] and [39], [41], [42] and [7]