Carbon releases occur when water is extracted and transported to industrial, agricultural, and residential areas for use, which consumes energy and materials and results in a carbon footprint [28]. Different water resource projects can have different carbon footprints. For example, an artesian water diversion project near a river that requires only small amounts of construction and does not use much energy during the water transportation process will have a low carbon footprint. In contrast, a large-scale inter-basin water diversion project that requires large amounts construction and high amounts of energy during the water transportation process (e.g., for pressurization) will have a high carbon footprint. While many countries around the world have established water resources engineering organizations, there have been only a few studies on the carbon footprints of water resource projects. Currently, carbon footprint studies have been carried out for drinking water supply systems [29–31], water transportation systems [32, 33], and different types of dams [34].