A study by Shields and Young (1989) developed a comprehensive theoretical model that is applicable to ABC based on the assumption that ABC is an administrative innovation in organizations. They argue that the adoption decision and implementation are determined more by specific behavioral and organizational variables. Similarly, earlier studies have shown that implementation issues may emerge if organizations neglect the organizational factors involved in making the change in cost management systems (Agyris & Kaplan, 1994; Cooper et at., 1992; Shields, 1995). Anderson and Young (1997) have argued that certain contextual variables may affect both adoption and implementation stages of ABC while organizational factors may affect implementation stages only. Accordingly, Krumweide (1998) tested organizational factors on ABC adopters only