Methanol is the most preferred alcohol chosen due to reactivity and high equilibrium conversion, but it is a toxic fossil fuel-based product and exhibits mass transfer limitations in transesterification reaction due to its limited solubility in oil31. On the other hand, transesterification using ethanol has limitations due to the forma- tion of stable emulsion and difficulty in separation of biodiesel and glycerol associated with high solubility and less reactivity of ethanol32. The main advantage of using ethanol is; it can be obtained from a renewable source and is not toxic.