custody at the port of entry until Japanese officials complete their spot checks. Completing the tests may take several days or a week, during which time the fruit lose quality and marketability.
Achieving “durable” resistance. The issue of durability of resistance should also be seriously considered. Studies have shown that ‘SunUp’ papaya has broader resistance than ‘Rainbow’, but the reality is that ‘Rainbow’ is the dominant transgenic papaya grown in Hawaii. So far, no breakdown of resistance of ‘Rainbow’ in Puna or on Oahu has been observed.Nevertheless, scientists need to be on guard for this possibility. The likelihood of new virulent strains developing due to recombination of PRSV strains in Puna with the coat protein transgene of Rainbow is remote.
A more realistic danger comes from the possibility of the introduction of PRSV strains from outside of Hawaii. ‘Rainbow’ is susceptible to many strains of PRSV from outside of Hawaii, including strains from Guam, Taiwan, and Thailand. Goods imported to or in transit through Hawaii thereby increase the opportunity to also introduce new PRSV strains into Hawaii. Technically, ‘SunUp’ should be resistant to many strains of PRSV that might be introduced into Hawaii. However, as noted above, the red-fleshed ‘SunUp’ is not the preferred cultivar in Hawaii.
A potential solution is to develop transgenic papaya that is resistant to a wide range of PRSV strains, although the time frame to commercialize this transgenic papaya may be longer than the time it took to commercialize the previous lines. Thus in the meantime, careful guard must be taken against the introduction of PRSV strains into Hawaii and the usefulness of existing transgenic cultivars must be maximized.
Growing non-transgenic papaya As the demand for non-transgenic papaya is still present in markets like Japan, the Hawaiian papaya industry needs to continue to grow them. However, despite efforts to protect non-transgenic papaya from PRSV, some have observed that PRSV infections are on the rise once again in Puna. As virus concentration builds up in the area, it will become more difficult to produce non-transgenic papaya economically. Therefore, strict attention needs to be paid to planting non-transgenic papaya in as much isolation as possible, doing timely elimination of infected trees, and to plowing under non-transgenic plantings that are no longer in production. The latter will reduce the amount of available PRSV.
custody at the port of entry until Japanese officials complete their spot checks. Completing the tests may take several days or a week, during which time the fruit lose quality and marketability.Achieving “durable” resistance. The issue of durability of resistance should also be seriously considered. Studies have shown that ‘SunUp’ papaya has broader resistance than ‘Rainbow’, but the reality is that ‘Rainbow’ is the dominant transgenic papaya grown in Hawaii. So far, no breakdown of resistance of ‘Rainbow’ in Puna or on Oahu has been observed.Nevertheless, scientists need to be on guard for this possibility. The likelihood of new virulent strains developing due to recombination of PRSV strains in Puna with the coat protein transgene of Rainbow is remote.A more realistic danger comes from the possibility of the introduction of PRSV strains from outside of Hawaii. ‘Rainbow’ is susceptible to many strains of PRSV from outside of Hawaii, including strains from Guam, Taiwan, and Thailand. Goods imported to or in transit through Hawaii thereby increase the opportunity to also introduce new PRSV strains into Hawaii. Technically, ‘SunUp’ should be resistant to many strains of PRSV that might be introduced into Hawaii. However, as noted above, the red-fleshed ‘SunUp’ is not the preferred cultivar in Hawaii.A potential solution is to develop transgenic papaya that is resistant to a wide range of PRSV strains, although the time frame to commercialize this transgenic papaya may be longer than the time it took to commercialize the previous lines. Thus in the meantime, careful guard must be taken against the introduction of PRSV strains into Hawaii and the usefulness of existing transgenic cultivars must be maximized.Growing non-transgenic papaya As the demand for non-transgenic papaya is still present in markets like Japan, the Hawaiian papaya industry needs to continue to grow them. However, despite efforts to protect non-transgenic papaya from PRSV, some have observed that PRSV infections are on the rise once again in Puna. As virus concentration builds up in the area, it will become more difficult to produce non-transgenic papaya economically. Therefore, strict attention needs to be paid to planting non-transgenic papaya in as much isolation as possible, doing timely elimination of infected trees, and to plowing under non-transgenic plantings that are no longer in production. The latter will reduce the amount of available PRSV.
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