abstract
Production of upgraded bio-oils by catalytic pyrolysis of wood biomass was studied in an auger reactor
using low cost materials as catalysts. These materials included several clay minerals (sepiolite, bentonite
and attapulgite) and an industrial waste from alumina production, known as red mud. The influence of
temperature (400–500 C) and the effect of catalyst to biomass ratio (3:1–1:6, in weight) were also analysed.
A temperature of 450 C and the lowest catalyst proportion (1:6, in weight) were selected as the
most appropriate to aim the pyrolysis for bio-oil production. Catalyst to biomass ratio resulted critical
since an excess on catalyst addition seemed to reduce liquid production while char yield increased. Under
the selected conditions, the catalysts tested improved the characteristics of the obtained bio-oil as fuel
(viscosity, acidity, oxygen content and calorific value). For every catalyst, the viscosity of the organic
liquid fraction decreased (up to 34% in case of bentonite) while lower heating value increased (up to
20% in red mud tests). Concerning acidity, sepiolite and red mud produced a decrease in the total acid
number (around 29% and 23%, respectively). The stability of the organic fraction after aging test (equivalent
to long time storage) was also improved by each catalyst.
abstractProduction of upgraded bio-oils by catalytic pyrolysis of wood biomass was studied in an auger reactorusing low cost materials as catalysts. These materials included several clay minerals (sepiolite, bentoniteand attapulgite) and an industrial waste from alumina production, known as red mud. The influence oftemperature (400–500 C) and the effect of catalyst to biomass ratio (3:1–1:6, in weight) were also analysed.A temperature of 450 C and the lowest catalyst proportion (1:6, in weight) were selected as themost appropriate to aim the pyrolysis for bio-oil production. Catalyst to biomass ratio resulted criticalsince an excess on catalyst addition seemed to reduce liquid production while char yield increased. Underthe selected conditions, the catalysts tested improved the characteristics of the obtained bio-oil as fuel(viscosity, acidity, oxygen content and calorific value). For every catalyst, the viscosity of the organicliquid fraction decreased (up to 34% in case of bentonite) while lower heating value increased (up to20% in red mud tests). Concerning acidity, sepiolite and red mud produced a decrease in the total acidnumber (around 29% and 23%, respectively). The stability of the organic fraction after aging test (equivalentto long time storage) was also improved by each catalyst.
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