Instrumentation
The following instruments were used to gather data at different stages of this study:
- A Preliminary English Test (PET) was used for homogenizing the subjects of this study in
terms of their general English proficiency. It was published by Cambridge English for
Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL, 2006). The PET test consisted of four sections: reading
(35 items), writing (eight items),listening comprehension (25 items), and speaking (four subparts).
- To make sure the participants in the two groups belonged to the same population in terms of
speaking ability, the researchers utilized the speaking section of the PET as the pretest.
- After the instruction , another speaking posttest; similar to pretest, was administered to bothgroups.