Water quality in aquaponic and recirculating aquaculture
systems. The water quality parameters in the AS and RAS
were within the acceptable range for cultivation of both
species (Timmons, Ebeling, Wheaton, Summerfelt & Vinci
2002; McClain & Romaire 2007),except for ammonium and
nitrite, where the ammonium concentration in the AS water
was reduced after irrigation of GF, in contrast to RAS
system when a weekly water change was done along the
trial. N-Nitrites in the AS increased due to the leaching of
semi-germinated seeds, but decreases after irrigation, with
noapparent damage for aquatic organisms (Table 3 and
Table 4).