sample was tested using the method as described above in Example 1 in a combustible liquid (either a น้ำมันที่ ได้มาจากพืช or a petroleum-based oil) heated to a temperature of 270°C for 30 นาที. The method was repeated for the 2 1-kg
samples for each different type of oil. Accordingly, for each type of oil, the method was 10 repeated twice with a 1-kg sample each time. The resulting ชีวมวล อัดทีที from
both test experiments for each type of oil were collected and mixed together to form a sample
batch. One kilogram of the sample batch was collected for testing.
In this example, the resulting 1-kg sample batch was analyzed to determine the heat energy values of the torrefied pellets after each temperature-time condition.
The น้ำมันที่ ได้มาจากพืชs used in this example included peanut oil, sunflower oil and corn oil. The petroleum-based oils used in this example included automatic transmission fluid, gear oil 80W90, motor oil (5W30), bar and chain oil, and hydraulic fluid AW32.
Results
5 The results shown in Tables 19 and 20 below indicated that the petroleum-based oils
generally tended to result in ชีวมวล อัดทีที having slightly higher heat energy values than the ชีวมวลอัด that was torrefied in น้ำมันที่ ได้มาจากพืชs. For example, the heat energy values for ชีวมวล อัดทีที processed in petroleum-based oils were
approximately 26 gigajoules per metric tonne (GJ/t); whereas the heat energy values for 10 biomass processed in น้ำมันที่ ได้มาจากพืชs were approximately about 24-25 GJ/t. This difference
may be due to greater oil absorption by petroleum-processed biomass, as shown in Example
10 above.
The results further indicated that all of the น้ำมันที่ ได้มาจากพืชs produced torrefied products with
approximately similar heat energy values, and all of the petroleum-based oils similarly 15 produced torrefied products with approximately similar heat energy values.
Table 19: Heat Value of Torrefied Wood Pellets After ทอร์รีฟิวชัน at 270°C for 30
นาที in น้ำมันที่ ได้มาจากพืชs
Measurements Sunflower oil Corn Oil Peanut Oil
Table 20: Heat Value of Torrefied Wood Pellets After ทอร์รีฟิวชัน at 270°C for 30
นาที in Petroleum-Based Oils
Example 13:
Materials and Methods
A small scale ทอร์รีฟิวชัน reactor was constructed in order to test the continuous/semi-
continuous process disclosed herein. The reactor consists of a conveyor belt that can 5 continuously or semi-continuously convey pellets through combustible liquid held in a large
metal tank. The combustible liquid was heated with a temperature control. The pellets were
delivered onto the conveyor belt of the reactor, where a ฮ็อปเปอร์ would be located, and then
conveyed along the conveyor belt into, through and then out of the combustible liquid. The
reactor is shown in Figure 19.
10 Results
The reactor shown in Figure 19 was used to ทอร์รีไฟ wood pellets and demonstrated that a continuous/semi-continuous process could be used to ทอร์รีไฟ pellets. Densified pellets were delivered onto the conveyor belt in hot combustible liquid (on the right-hand side of
Figure 19) and conveyed through the combustible liquid and out the other end (i.e., on the 15 left-hand side of Figure 19). The pellets were fully submersed as they conveyed along the
conveyor belt through the combustible liquid and were delivered on the other end as a
ชีวมวล อัดทีที.
sample was tested using the method as described above in Example 1 in a combustible liquid (either a น้ำมันที่ ได้มาจากพืช or a petroleum-based oil) heated to a temperature of 270°C for 30 นาที. The method was repeated for the 2 1-kgsamples for each different type of oil. Accordingly, for each type of oil, the method was 10 repeated twice with a 1-kg sample each time. The resulting ชีวมวล อัดทีที from both test experiments for each type of oil were collected and mixed together to form a sample batch. One kilogram of the sample batch was collected for testing.In this example, the resulting 1-kg sample batch was analyzed to determine the heat energy values of the torrefied pellets after each temperature-time condition.The น้ำมันที่ ได้มาจากพืชs used in this example included peanut oil, sunflower oil and corn oil. The petroleum-based oils used in this example included automatic transmission fluid, gear oil 80W90, motor oil (5W30), bar and chain oil, and hydraulic fluid AW32.Results5 The results shown in Tables 19 and 20 below indicated that the petroleum-based oilsgenerally tended to result in ชีวมวล อัดทีที having slightly higher heat energy values than the ชีวมวลอัด that was torrefied in น้ำมันที่ ได้มาจากพืชs. For example, the heat energy values for ชีวมวล อัดทีที processed in petroleum-based oils wereapproximately 26 gigajoules per metric tonne (GJ/t); whereas the heat energy values for 10 biomass processed in น้ำมันที่ ได้มาจากพืชs were approximately about 24-25 GJ/t. This difference may be due to greater oil absorption by petroleum-processed biomass, as shown in Example10 above.The results further indicated that all of the น้ำมันที่ ได้มาจากพืชs produced torrefied products with approximately similar heat energy values, and all of the petroleum-based oils similarly 15 produced torrefied products with approximately similar heat energy values.Table 19: Heat Value of Torrefied Wood Pellets After ทอร์รีฟิวชัน at 270°C for 30นาที in น้ำมันที่ ได้มาจากพืชsMeasurements Sunflower oil Corn Oil Peanut OilTable 20: Heat Value of Torrefied Wood Pellets After ทอร์รีฟิวชัน at 270°C for 30 นาที in Petroleum-Based OilsExample 13:Materials and MethodsA small scale ทอร์รีฟิวชัน reactor was constructed in order to test the continuous/semi- continuous process disclosed herein. The reactor consists of a conveyor belt that can 5 continuously or semi-continuously convey pellets through combustible liquid held in a large metal tank. The combustible liquid was heated with a temperature control. The pellets were delivered onto the conveyor belt of the reactor, where a ฮ็อปเปอร์ would be located, and then conveyed along the conveyor belt into, through and then out of the combustible liquid. The reactor is shown in Figure 19.10 ResultsThe reactor shown in Figure 19 was used to ทอร์รีไฟ wood pellets and demonstrated that a continuous/semi-continuous process could be used to ทอร์รีไฟ pellets. Densified pellets were delivered onto the conveyor belt in hot combustible liquid (on the right-hand side ofFigure 19) and conveyed through the combustible liquid and out the other end (i.e., on the 15 left-hand side of Figure 19). The pellets were fully submersed as they conveyed along the conveyor belt through the combustible liquid and were delivered on the other end as a ชีวมวล อัดทีที.
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