Extended Parallel Process Model
Mixing of Parallel response model and Protection motivation theory
In order for fear-based campaigns to be effective, they must induce a moderately-high level of fear and a higher level of self-efficacy and response efficacy. When the audience feels that there is a higher level of fear than efficacy, the message is ineffective.
Inputs
4 key factors to predict the likely outcome of communications which involve a fear appeal:
Self-Efficacy - The perception the individual has that they are competent to perform the tasks needed to control the risk.
Response Efficacy - The perception the individual has that the action if carried out will successfully control the risk.
Susceptibility - The perception the individual has of how likely the threat is to impact them.
Outputs
Based on the inputs above, there are three possible outcomes.
Danger control - When an individual perceives that the severity and susceptibility are high and also perceives that they are competent to take mitigating action then they are likely to act to control the danger.
Fear control - The model predicts that if an individual perceives their ability to control a risk as low, even if the severity and susceptibility is perceived as high, then they are likely to act to control the fear.
No Response - The severity or susceptibility of the danger was perceived as low.Severity - The perception the individual has of the magnitude of the threat.