Mckernan 1991:8) also state that there is evidence of the use of action research by a number of social reformists prior to Lewin, such as Collier in 1945, Lippitt and Radke in 1946 and Corey in 1953. McTaggert (1992:2) cites work by Gstettner and Altricher which has a physician named Moreno using group participation in 1913 in a community development initiative with prostitutes in Vienna. Freiders (1992:3-4) asserts that concept of participatory research emerged in the 1970s from development work in low income countries and mentions name such as Fals-Borda and Freideres.