The volume of irrigation water applied was determined in each treatment as thepointwhen the leaching fraction reached 10%(v/v) of applied water in the control treatment, 25% in RW1, 40% in RW2, or 55% of the applied water in RW3. Each plant (n ¼ 30 plants per treatment)was weighed before each irrigation event and the volume of irrigation water required to refill the pot to its threshold level (i.e., itsWFC plus its predetermined level of leaching, depending on treatment)was calculated and added to each plant. Average values of water added to each pot