Saccharum spontaneum is the major wild species extensively used in sugarcane genetic improvement and cultivar development worldwide for its resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses (Ming et al., 2006). More recently, S. spontaneum crossed with selected sugarcane clones (S. officinarum or Saccharum hybrids) has been deployed to produce early
generation hybrids selected for sugar-fiber energy cane or fiber-only energy cane as a bioenergy crop (Tew and Cobill, 2010). Hybrids are selected for adaptation to more temperate environments and production of higher biomass yields compared to traditional sugarcane cultivars. New germplasm in S. spontaneum will provide genetic materials with considerable potential, needed for new bioenergy cultivar development. More specifically those collected from more temperate and humid regions can contribute to desirable genes for cold tolerance and disease resistance.