2. Materials and methods
2.1. Preparation of flour samples
Two sorghum cultivars NS 5511, a red, tannin-type, 5.6 g/100 g
catechin equivalents (CE) and Orbit (a white, tan-plant non-tannintype,
<1 g/100 g CE) and one cowpea variety, Bechuana white,
(2.3 g/100 g CE) e were used in this study. NS 5511 was a year 2007
harvest grown in the Free State Province, South Africa; Orbit was
a year 2005 harvest from Agricultural Research Council, Potchefstroom,
South Africa, and cowpea was a 2007 harvest, grown in
Delareyville, North West Province, South Africa. The NS 5511
sorghum, Orbit sorghum and cowpea grains had 11.0, 8.4 and 23.5 g
protein/100 g, respectively. The grains were prepared according to
the procedure by Anyango et al. (2011). Whole grain samples were
separately milled using a laboratory hammer mill (Falling Number
3100, Huddinge, Sweden) fitted with a 500 mmscreen to give whole
grain meal which was then stored at 10 C prior to food preparation
and other treatments. Fortified flours were prepared by mixing
whole sorghum and whole cowpea flours at 70:30 (w/w) ratio. The
flours were used to prepare three traditional African sorghum
foods, uji (fermented thin porridge), injera (fermented flatbread)
and ugali (unfermented stiff porridge).
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