Checklist 9.1 (cont’d) Job Analysis Questions
- What are your responsibilities?
- What are the environmental and working condition involved?
- What are the job’s physical demands? It emotional and mental demand?
- What are the health and safety conditions?
- Does the job expose you to any hazards or unusual working conditions?
Emoployee Recruiting
Recruiting
Attracting a pool of viable job applicants
Sources of Recruits
- Current employees - College recruiting
- Adverting - Recruiting for a diverse workforce
- The Internet
- Employment agencies
o Public
o Private
- Contingent workers and temporary help agencies
- Executive recruiters
- Employee referrals
- Walk-ins
Testing for Employee Selection
- Uses of Tests
o Reliability (repeatability of test results)
o Validity (measures what it purports to measure)
- Types of Tests
o Intelligence
o Mechanical comprehension
o Personality and interests
o Ability/achievement (current capabilities/knowledge)
o Aptitude (performance potential)
o Management assessment center
Conducting Effective Interviews
- Plan the interview
- Structure the interview
- Establish rapport
- Ask effective questions
- Delay your decision
- Close the interview
Guidelines for Interviewees
- Prepare
- Make a good first impression
- Uncover the interviewer’s needs
- Relate your answers to the interview’s needs
- Think before answering
- Watch your nonverbal behavior
Potential Biases in Interviews
- Prior knowledge about the applicant will bias the interviewer’s evaluation
- The interviewer tends to hold a stereotype of what represents a good applicant
- The interviewer tends to favor applicants who share his or her own attitudes
- The order in which applicants are interviewed will influence evaluations
- The order in which information is elicited during the interview will influence evaluations
Potential Biases in Interviews (cont’s)
- Negative information is given unduly high weight
- The interviewer may make a decision concerning the applicant’s suitability within the first four or five minutes of the interview
- The interviewer may forget much of the interview’s content within minutes after its conclusion
- The interview is most valid in determining an applicant’s intelligence, level of motivation, and interpersonal skills
- Structured and well-organized interviews are more reliable than unstructured and unorganized ones
Orienting Employees
- Orientation
o The introduction of a new employee to the job and the organization
- Objectives of orientation
o To reduce the initial anxiety all new employees feel as they begin a new job
o To familiarize new employees with the job, the work unit, and the organization as a whole
o To facilitate the outsider-insider transition
Training Employees
- Training Program
o The process of providing new employees with information they need to do their jobs satisfactorily.
- Training Program Steps
o Needs analysis
o Instructional design
o Validation
o Implementation
o Evaluation and follow-up
Employee Training
- What and Why?
o Changing skills, knowledge, attitudes, or behavior.
o Changing what employees know, how they work; or their attitudes toward their job, co-workers, managers, and the organization
- On-the-job Training Methods
o Job rotation
o Understudy assignment
- Off-the-Job Training Methods
o Classroom lectures
o Films and videos
o Simulation exercises
o Vestibule training
Determining if Training Is Needed