Of the 16 conceptual or review pieces, 10 take an implicit or explicit process ontology and the other six a realist ontology (see Table 2). The common element in the 10 process-oriented pieces is that they deal with tourism in terms of space or time. In seeking understanding of decision-making, chronology is a central organising device and is a fundamental element of process studies (Van de Ven & Poole, 2005). In tourism expressed in terms of itineraries so too must space be a central organising device for understanding the process of decision-making. The nine pieces take an implicitly complex process approach in that they deal with the notion of tourists’ decision-making as emergent (that is socially constructed) and complex.