Traditional wisdom advocates a centralized approach in
organizational crisis management because restricted participation
in central decision groups facilitates fast information
sharing and effective resource coordination (Andriole 1985a;
Billings et al. 1980; Booth 1993; Hermann 1963; Mitroff and
Pearson 1993; Nunamaker et al. 1989; Smart and Vertinsky
1977). IT innovations, particularly Internet-based social interaction
technologies, challenge this traditional view. Recent
studies have reported the successes of ordinary citizens