Despite the accumulating evidence supporting their healtheffects, anthocyanin plasma concentrations were found to be low[10,11]. In human studies, <0.1% of intact anthocyanins areexcreted in urine. The literature suggests that the apparent lowbioavailabilities of some anthocyanins are due to their extensivepresystemic metabolism, rather than their poor absorptionfrom the gastrointestinal lumen [12]
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