Analyzing a sample of 133 firms that conducted initial public offerings in Thailand
during 1987 –1993, we document several important findings. First, we find that firm
performance subsequently declines after the firms go public, and that the decrease in
operating performance is nearly one order of magnitude greater in Thailand than in the
United States. For example, return on assets 3 years after the IPO is 70% lower than
during the year before the IPO. This result compares to a decline of 9% in the United
States (see Jain and Kini, 1994). This finding is robust to a cash flow performancemeasure, and to industry-adjusted performance measures. A change in ownership
structure is one of the major changes that take place when a firm goes public. Therefore,
we next investigate the role of managerial ownership on the going-public firm’s change
in performance. In an earlier study using US IPO firms, Jain and Kini (1994) find a
positive linear relationship between ownership and the change in firm performance. The
more shares the original owners retain, the better the firm performance. Their evidence
supports the alignment hypothesis. However, Mikkelson et al. (1997) reject this
hypothesis while also using US data. Further, Mikkelson et al. explicitly consider a
nonlinear relationship between the change in performance and insider-ownership by
including the squared level of ownership stake (quadratic form) as an explanatory
variable for the change in performance, but this variable is also not significant. For
our own sample, when we consider both the level of the ownership variable and an
ownership-squared variable, we also fail to find any relationship between ownership and
firm performance, consistent with Mikkelson et al.
Analyzing a sample of 133 firms that conducted initial public offerings in Thailandduring 1987 –1993, we document several important findings. First, we find that firmperformance subsequently declines after the firms go public, and that the decrease inoperating performance is nearly one order of magnitude greater in Thailand than in theUnited States. For example, return on assets 3 years after the IPO is 70% lower thanduring the year before the IPO. This result compares to a decline of 9% in the UnitedStates (see Jain and Kini, 1994). This finding is robust to a cash flow performancemeasure, and to industry-adjusted performance measures. A change in ownershipstructure is one of the major changes that take place when a firm goes public. Therefore,we next investigate the role of managerial ownership on the going-public firm’s changein performance. In an earlier study using US IPO firms, Jain and Kini (1994) find apositive linear relationship between ownership and the change in firm performance. Themore shares the original owners retain, the better the firm performance. Their evidencesupports the alignment hypothesis. However, Mikkelson et al. (1997) reject thishypothesis while also using US data. Further, Mikkelson et al. explicitly consider anonlinear relationship between the change in performance and insider-ownership byincluding the squared level of ownership stake (quadratic form) as an explanatoryvariable for the change in performance, but this variable is also not significant. Forour own sample, when we consider both the level of the ownership variable and anownership-squared variable, we also fail to find any relationship between ownership andfirm performance, consistent with Mikkelson et al.
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