and detail between the concept design stage and the detail
design stage. Their significance lies in their ability to
provide ship cost estimators with reliable results without
the time and cost that would be incurred through the use of
a detailed engineering analysis of a design. There are five
main types of CER's:
" Manual - determined from external information such as
vendors and subcontractors
" Calculated - determined and derived from actual
previous ship cost data.
" Predictive - determined though regression from return
data of multiple vessels over time, or from a common
manufacturing method that is changing over time.
" Empirical - determined through statistical regression
analysis of particular shipyard processes.
" Standard Interim Products - determined at each level
of the PWBS. Existing CER's are grouped together into
standard common interim products and modules called
re-use packages.