3. Risk transfer. The transfer of risk from the operator to others is a key method used in managing risk (Hollman and Forest,1991:Priest and Gass. 1997 Wilks and Davis,2000). In Hibbert's study, operators identified three way in which risk were transferred out: to the operators own insurers, to the clients, and to third parties. Transferring risk to insurance companies,is the main method used, and operators must hold public liability insurance as a legal requirement. All operators encouraged to recognize the risk involved in any particular trip. For instance, in the booking conditions one operator states: Please understand that there are certain hazards involved in climbing expeditions, which you must accept at your own risk. The company will not be liable for any illness, injury or death sustained during an expedition, nor will it be liable for any uninsured losses of your property. On the issue of transferring risk to third parties, operators used different measures. For instance, one company did not transfer any risls to third parties whilst another transferred some risk to its local agents indirectly through imposing financial penalties if a trip had serious problems.