Chronic exposure causes accumulation of Mn in blood
and tissues. Active ephedrone users had increased levels
of blood Mn (average 831 nmol/L, range 201–2102) but
former users had normal or slightly elevated blood Mn
values (average 346 nmol/L, range 114–727) [17]. Elevated
Mn blood concentration was a characteristic feature that
indicated continuing abuse of ephedrone; there was a
significant difference when compared to the former drug
users.
Manganese is eliminated rapidly from the blood, and
thus blood levels ofMnmay poorly reflect tissueMn content.