In preparing this guide to torque values, the following basic assumptions have been made:
(a) bolts and nuts are new, standard finish, uncoated and not lubricated*
(b) the load will be 90% of the bolt yield strength
(c) the coefficient of friction (µ) is 0.14
(d) the final tightening sequence is achieved smoothly and slowly, until the torque tool indicates full torque
has been obtained.
* If lubrication has been applied to the bolt and/or the nut (other than the normal protective oil film), multiply
the recommended torque by the appropriate factor shown in the table.
Example: bolt and nut are both phosphated; required torque = torque recommended x 0.75