muslim chemists and alchemists played an important role in the foundation of modern chemistry scholars such as will durant and fielding h. garrison considered muslim chemists to be the founders of chemistry in particular jabir ibn hayyan is considered by many to be the father of chemistry the works of arabic scientists influenced roger bacon (who introduced the empirical metheod to europe strongly influenced by his reading of persians writers) and later lsaac newton.
lbn sina (avicenna) is regarded as the most influential philosopher of lslam he pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials his two most notable works in medicine are the kitab al-shifa (book of healing) and the canon of medicine both of which were used as standard medicinal texts in both the muslim world and in europe well into the 17th century amongst his many contributions are the discovery of the contagious nature of infectious diseases and the introduction of clinical pharmacology.
some of the other famous scientists from the lslamic world include al-farabi (polymath) abu al-Qasim al-Zahraawi (pioneer of surgery) abu rayhan al- biruni (pioneer of indology geodesy andantropology) nasir al-din al-tusi (polymath) and ibn khaldun (forerunner of social sciences such as demography cultural history historiography philosophy of history and sociology) among many others lslamic science began its decline in the 12th or 13th century before the renaissance in europe and due in part to the 11th-13th century mongol conquests during which libraries and universities were destroyed the end of the lslamic golden age is marked by the destruction of the intellectual center of baghdad the capital of the abbasid caliphate in 1258.