The women in this study perceived childbirth
as a fearful event. The major causes of fear came
from listening to other experienced womenûs birth
stories. The issues of fear included (a) the babyûs
well-being, and (b) the pain and difficulty of
childbirth. Ranges of fear varied from no fear to
awful fear. The different ranges of fear led to
different coping strategies. The major causes of
suffering came from characteristics of labor pain,
including discomfort of pain