3. Results and discussions
3.1. Structural conformation
The Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of ZnO and Hg doped ZnO
samples are shown in Fig. 1. The result of ZnO exhibits hexagonal
structure with characteristic peaks (100), (002), (101), (102) and
(110). The lattice parameters of pure ZnO sample match well with
the JCPDS file no: 79-0208, the values of which are shown in
Table 1. The lattice parameter values of pure ZnO were compared
with those of Hg doped ZnO, the changes in the lattice are due to
Hg2+ ion doping into the ZnO.
Comparing the position of the main diffraction peak (shown in
Fig. 2), it is evidently seen that the peak shift in lower angle side is
due to the large ionic radii of Hg2+ (1.01 Å) which is greater than that
of Zn2+ (0.74 Å) [28,32]. The doping of Hg has minimal effect on the
hexagonal structure of ZnO. This result confirmed that Hg has successfully
replaced Zn in ZnO. No other segregation of phases was detected
in the XRD pattern.
3.2. Morphology and elemental analysis
The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images
demonstrates that the morphologies of all prepared samples are
shown in Fig. 3 with a uniform scale. The images show more agglomeration
of randomly distributed nanorods. However, some nanorods
are also seen hexagonal in structure at the end as shown by a square
box in Fig. 3(c), and also indicate that the doping of Hg has no influence
in the morphologies of these samples.
The elemental analysis of ZnO and Hg doped ZnO powders was
done using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements and
is shown in Fig. 4(a and b). A single rod was chosen and spot elemental
analysis was done. Fig. 4(a) shows only Zn and O peaks without
any other impurity. Fig. 4(b) shows Hg peak along with Zn and O
which confirms the doping of Hg in ZnO.
3.3. Conformation of nanorods
The transmission electron microscopy image of Hg doped ZnO
(0.5%) shows a bunch of nanorods which is shown in Fig. 5(a). The
figure reveals the random orientation of nanorods with hexagonal
structure. The next TEM image (Fig. 5(b)) indicates isolated nanorod
of Hg doped ZnO which has a length of 376 nm. The TEM images confirm
the formation of nanorods. The selected area electron diffraction
(SAED) pattern is shown as an inset in Fig. 5(b). The image clearly reveals
the planes (101), (102), (110) and (112) which confirms the
single hexagonal structure of ZnO with the absence of impurities.
With the help of XRD, FESEM, TEM and EDS results the formation
of Hg doped ZnO samples with a hexagonal nanorod structure is confirmed.
The diameter of the rod shaped particles measured from TEM
3. Results and discussions3.1. Structural conformationThe Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of ZnO and Hg doped ZnOsamples are shown in Fig. 1. The result of ZnO exhibits hexagonalstructure with characteristic peaks (100), (002), (101), (102) and(110). The lattice parameters of pure ZnO sample match well withthe JCPDS file no: 79-0208, the values of which are shown inTable 1. The lattice parameter values of pure ZnO were comparedwith those of Hg doped ZnO, the changes in the lattice are due toHg2+ ion doping into the ZnO.Comparing the position of the main diffraction peak (shown inFig. 2), it is evidently seen that the peak shift in lower angle side isdue to the large ionic radii of Hg2+ (1.01 Å) which is greater than thatof Zn2+ (0.74 Å) [28,32]. The doping of Hg has minimal effect on thehexagonal structure of ZnO. This result confirmed that Hg has successfullyreplaced Zn in ZnO. No other segregation of phases was detectedin the XRD pattern.3.2. Morphology and elemental analysisThe field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) imagesdemonstrates that the morphologies of all prepared samples areshown in Fig. 3 with a uniform scale. The images show more agglomerationof randomly distributed nanorods. However, some nanorodsare also seen hexagonal in structure at the end as shown by a squarebox in Fig. 3(c), and also indicate that the doping of Hg has no influencein the morphologies of these samples.The elemental analysis of ZnO and Hg doped ZnO powders wasdone using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements andis shown in Fig. 4(a and b). A single rod was chosen and spot elementalanalysis was done. Fig. 4(a) shows only Zn and O peaks withoutany other impurity. Fig. 4(b) shows Hg peak along with Zn and Owhich confirms the doping of Hg in ZnO.3.3. Conformation of nanorodsThe transmission electron microscopy image of Hg doped ZnO(0.5%) shows a bunch of nanorods which is shown in Fig. 5(a). Thefigure reveals the random orientation of nanorods with hexagonalstructure. The next TEM image (Fig. 5(b)) indicates isolated nanorodof Hg doped ZnO which has a length of 376 nm. The TEM images confirmthe formation of nanorods. The selected area electron diffraction(SAED) pattern is shown as an inset in Fig. 5(b). The image clearly revealsthe planes (101), (102), (110) and (112) which confirms thesingle hexagonal structure of ZnO with the absence of impurities.With the help of XRD, FESEM, TEM and EDS results the formationof Hg doped ZnO samples with a hexagonal nanorod structure is confirmed.The diameter of the rod shaped particles measured from TEM
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