Flower shading and emasculation treatment
The flowers covered with a kraft bag before anthesis in the afternoon of -1 dpa to avoid light exposure; and the bags were large enough to permit flower opening. Flowere from the same plant and same position were taken as control and were studied from 11 am on 0 dpa to 6 am on 1 dpa. For flower emasculation treatment,the anther and pistil of each flower were carefully removed with scissors at approximately 8 am on 0 dpa,where the petals were not fully open flowers from the same plants and at the same position were taken as control and analyzed at 8 am on 1 dpa for each treatment,more than five flowers were analyzed.