POC viscoelastic coagulation tests do not, in fact, provide critical data at the immediate onset of a DCR and without modification may not provide data any sooner than conventional tests [124]. However, as a DCR progresses these assays permit a more specific determination of the blood product required and a more exact, usually less estimate of the amount needed to reverse any identified defect in hemostasis rather than transfusions of plasma, cryoprecipitate and platelets in a fixed ratio to empirically and non-specifically treat coagulopathy. In the TEG system, goal-directed resuscitation involves the use of rapid-TEG (r-TEG®) to diagnose and describe post-injury coagulopathy and to guide blood product replacement. For r-TEG tissue factor is added with kaolin to activate coagulation, and recent data suggest that r-TEG can identify coagulation abnormalities very early after injury [125]. Blood products may be transfused in a fixed ratio initially for patients presenting with uncontrolled hemorrhage, with subsequent focused intervention based on r-TEG data, as it becomes available. The next component transfusion based on the r-TEG data may include additional thawed plasma (10–20 mL/kg) for a prolonged R value (designated TEG-ACT for a r-TEG assay) (>1 min) indicating coagulation factor deficiency or depletion, or if markedly prolonged (>1.5 min), 30 mL/kg of thawed plasma. However, 1 U apheresis platelets would be transfused instead if the MA < 50 mm or 2 U apheresis platelets if MA < 45 mm, whereas cryoprecipitate (3–5 mL/kg) would be transfused for a functional fibrinogen MA < 14 mm, or an α-angle < 52° suggesting fibrinogen deficiency. Ly30 > 8% suggests hyperfibrinolysis for which an antifibrinolytic agent, started at the time of admission, would be continued, or if a Ly30 > 8% occurs in association with elevated α-angle or MA (reactive fibrinolysis), would be immediately discontinued
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