TEACHING SITUATION BY OPEN-APPROACH METHOD
In this section, I will describe how mathematics teaching proceeds by using open-approach method in class. Figure below shows a characterization of Japanese teaching of mathematical problem solving (Nohda & Shimizu,1989).In Nohda (1982), I investigated the processin terms of pedagogical tactics byHerbert. The figure also shows several features of Japanese class in that problem situation that contains important mathematical ideas is presented to students, and students challenge the situation collaboratively and finally reach their solutions (see also TIMSS results by US Department of Education,1996).However, it becomes more difficult to make such process happen, as students become older and their abilities and beliefs vary far more. Therefore, in the open-approach method, it is intended to provide students with rich situations byusing open problems that have possibility to serve for individual differences