affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes
mellitus, hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmia, or Parkinson
disease. Current users of either atypical (adjusted odds
ratio [adj. OR]: 2.61; 95% CI: 1.48–4.61) or typical (adj.
OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.22–2.53) antipsychotics were associated
with a dose-dependent increase in the risk for
pneumonia as compared to unexposed patients. Analyses
of chemical subgroups of typical antipsychotic drugs
showed some heterogeneity, with butyrophenones being
associated with slightly increased risk for pneumonia,
whereas phenothiazines were associated with a fourfold
increased risk. Analysis of individual drugs was possible
only for a few of the most frequently prescribed antipsychotics,
and showed that the greatest pneumonia risk
was associated with risperidone (adj. OR: 3.51; 95% CI:
1.94–6.36).