Cancer risk of occupational exposure toVOCs through the inhalation,
dermal contact and non-dietary ingestion forworkerswas also evaluated
according to the methodology fromACGIH (http://www.acgih.org/).
The risk of occupational exposure (Ei) for each VOCwas calculated as individual
concentration divided by its time-weighted average (TWAi),
one of the three threshold limit values (Eq. 1). The total risk (ΣE)
was calculated according to Eq. (2), where Ci (μg m−3) is the detected
concentration for each VOC. The TWAi values were established under
the assumption of working 8 h a day and 5 days per week for workers
according to ACGIH, while the employees worked for at least 10 h a
day and 6 days a week in these workshops. Hence, TWAi (using 8 h a
day and 5 days per week) was calibrated to TWAi′ (using 10 h a day
and 6 days per week) here according to Eq. (3).