Stranding or Grounding
Stranding is the accidental grounding of a vessel on a beach or shoreline while grounding is the accidental contact with the sea bed other than the shoreline.
Actions to take (accidental stranding or grounding):
sound the alarm to muster the crew/passengers (7 short, 1 long)
account for all personnel and check for injuries
stop engines and auxiliaries if grounding is severe
sound bilges and inspect void areas
take bearings and plot your position - then attempt to determine reason for grounding from the charts
survey the area around the grounding (from chart)
determine the tide and tidal stream
check weather predictions for the area
sound around the vessel to determine the extent of the grounding
check for hull damage (if severe damage has occurred, it may be best to stay grounded)
With a partial grounding:
move passengers and crew to lighten the grounded section of the vessel, jettison any weights possible
use astern power sparingly, pay attention to the pumping of mud/sand under the keel due to excess astern propulsion.
if rocky - astern propulsion can damage the hull lay out anchors to assist in refloating or preventing vessel going further aground
request assistance (if necessary). consider a tow
display appropriate signal `vessel aground'.
When refloating, use anchors to kedge, if the engine's propulsion is insufficient to refloat. Move weights as necessary, have lifesaving appliances ready in case of sudden need. Commence refloating just prior to high tide. If the bottom is sand or mud a vacuum may be created between the hull and the sea-bed. To break this suction it may be necessary to "waggle the vessel's tail" by use of the weights or pulling on alternate anchors.
Once clear of the obstruction it will be necessary to again check the vessel for any damage or ingress of water. Also check propulsion and steerage systems and engine cooling systems.
Note events in vessel’s log or record book and report incident to the authorities.
If grounded on a reef at an uncertain location it may be prudent to stay grounded and adding ballast to prevent further damage to the hull due to movement of the vessel on the grounding.