Submersed macrophytes have been reported to act as water quality regulators and can
significantly improve water quality [2] . Submersed plants are involved in a number of nutrient
cycling processes in aquatic ecosystems[14] , suchas nutrient absorption and release,
interactions with herbivores, and environmental regulation, among others. Almost all of these ecological processes are related to the functioning of aquatic plants, so this may explain why
phosphorus concentration in the water of all treatments tested here showed decreases with time.
There is some evidence of competitive interactions having impacts on nutrient cycles in aquatic ecosystems [16,17] . Several studies have found that the phosphorus concentration in water is much lower in mixture mesocosms than in monocultures [3]. When species interact, the dominant species usually has the greatest effects on ecosystem processes, because a competitively superior species typically can deplete resources to lower levels [18].
In addition to absorption mechanisms, many other mechanisms will affect the water P concentrations. For example, Fe is a key factor for phosphorus binding in the sediment [19] and the phosphate concentration in pore water may be controlled by the oxidation state of iron and by pH [20]. Oxygen translocation to the roots of plants has the effect of oxidizing the immediate sediment environment, which may decrease the phosphorus concentration in
overlying water[21, 22]. Although some studies have investigated the mechanisms by which plants influence ecosystem nutrient dynamics [23,3 ], the mechanisms are very complicated and are still not very clearly understood in aquatic situations [2, 24].
Submersed macrophytes have been reported to act as water quality regulators and can significantly improve water quality [2] . Submersed plants are involved in a number of nutrient cycling processes in aquatic ecosystems[14] , suchas nutrient absorption and release, interactions with herbivores, and environmental regulation, among others. Almost all of these ecological processes are related to the functioning of aquatic plants, so this may explain why phosphorus concentration in the water of all treatments tested here showed decreases with time.There is some evidence of competitive interactions having impacts on nutrient cycles in aquatic ecosystems [16,17] . Several studies have found that the phosphorus concentration in water is much lower in mixture mesocosms than in monocultures [3]. When species interact, the dominant species usually has the greatest effects on ecosystem processes, because a competitively superior species typically can deplete resources to lower levels [18].In addition to absorption mechanisms, many other mechanisms will affect the water P concentrations. For example, Fe is a key factor for phosphorus binding in the sediment [19] and the phosphate concentration in pore water may be controlled by the oxidation state of iron and by pH [20]. Oxygen translocation to the roots of plants has the effect of oxidizing the immediate sediment environment, which may decrease the phosphorus concentration inoverlying water[21, 22]. Although some studies have investigated the mechanisms by which plants influence ecosystem nutrient dynamics [23,3 ], the mechanisms are very complicated and are still not very clearly understood in aquatic situations [2, 24].
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