The second session's moderator Mr. I Gede Ardika thanked the speakers for their presentations and regretted that the lack of time prevented any opportunity for discussion with the audience. Mr. Ardika highlighted a point raised by Ms. Diotallevi as a fundamental one, which the Conference should discuss, namely shifting from a visitor-oriented approach to a host or local community- oriented approach when planning spiritual tourism. He underscored the important role of local communities as the owners of culture, and applauded the proposal that Ninh Binh province be considered UNESCO's world heritage list.