• Organizations – Organizations are groups with defined structures, such as association, club, or civic groups. This category can also include businesses, government agencies, and health insurers. Organizations can carry health messages to their constituents, provide support for the health communication programs, and make policy changes that encourage individual change.
• Communities – community opinion leaders and policy makers can be effective allies in influencing change in policies, products, and services that can hinder or support people’s actions. By influencing communities, health communication programs can promote increased awareness of an issue, changes in attitudes and beliefs, and group or institutional support for desirable behaviors. In addition, communication can advocate policy or structural changes in the community (e.g., sidewalks) that encourage healthy behavior.
• Society – Society as a whole influences individual behavior by affecting norms and values, attitudes and opinions, laws and policies, and by creating physical, economic, cultural, and information environments. Health communication programs amide at the societal level can change individual attitudes or behavior and thus change social norms. Efforts to reduce drunk driving, for example, have changed individual and societal attitudes, behaviors, and polices through multiple forms of intervention, including communication.
Multistrategy health communication programs can address one or all of the above.
Communication Programs Can Include Multiple Methods of Influence
Health communications can use a wide range of methods to design programs to fit specific circumstances. These methods include:
• Media literacy – teaches intended audiences (often youth) to deconstruct media messages so they can identify the sponsor’s motives; also teaches communicators how to compose messages attuned to the intended audiences’ point of view
• Media advocacy – seeks to change the social and political environment in which decisions that affect health and health resources are made by influencing the mass media’s selection of topics and by shaping the debate about those topics
• Public relations – promotes the inclusion of messages about health issue or behavior in the mass media
• Advertising – places paid or public service messages in the media or in public spaces to increase awareness of and support for a product, service, or behavior
• Education entertainment – seeks to embed health-promoting messages and storylines into entertainment and news programs or to eliminate messages that counter health messages; can also include seeking entertainment industry support for health issue
• Individual and group instruction – influences, counsels, and provides skills to support desirable behaviors
• Partnership development – increases support for a program or issue by harnessing the influence, credibility, and resources of profit, nonprofit, or government organizations
• Organizations – Organizations are groups with defined structures, such as association, club, or civic groups. This category can also include businesses, government agencies, and health insurers. Organizations can carry health messages to their constituents, provide support for the health communication programs, and make policy changes that encourage individual change.
• Communities – community opinion leaders and policy makers can be effective allies in influencing change in policies, products, and services that can hinder or support people’s actions. By influencing communities, health communication programs can promote increased awareness of an issue, changes in attitudes and beliefs, and group or institutional support for desirable behaviors. In addition, communication can advocate policy or structural changes in the community (e.g., sidewalks) that encourage healthy behavior.
• Society – Society as a whole influences individual behavior by affecting norms and values, attitudes and opinions, laws and policies, and by creating physical, economic, cultural, and information environments. Health communication programs amide at the societal level can change individual attitudes or behavior and thus change social norms. Efforts to reduce drunk driving, for example, have changed individual and societal attitudes, behaviors, and polices through multiple forms of intervention, including communication.
Multistrategy health communication programs can address one or all of the above.
Communication Programs Can Include Multiple Methods of Influence
Health communications can use a wide range of methods to design programs to fit specific circumstances. These methods include:
• Media literacy – teaches intended audiences (often youth) to deconstruct media messages so they can identify the sponsor’s motives; also teaches communicators how to compose messages attuned to the intended audiences’ point of view
• Media advocacy – seeks to change the social and political environment in which decisions that affect health and health resources are made by influencing the mass media’s selection of topics and by shaping the debate about those topics
• Public relations – promotes the inclusion of messages about health issue or behavior in the mass media
• Advertising – places paid or public service messages in the media or in public spaces to increase awareness of and support for a product, service, or behavior
• Education entertainment – seeks to embed health-promoting messages and storylines into entertainment and news programs or to eliminate messages that counter health messages; can also include seeking entertainment industry support for health issue
• Individual and group instruction – influences, counsels, and provides skills to support desirable behaviors
• Partnership development – increases support for a program or issue by harnessing the influence, credibility, and resources of profit, nonprofit, or government organizations
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