These characteristics provide opportunities for large shareholders to
expropriate minority shareholders, e.g., by not paying dividends or transferring profits to other companies under
their control (Shleifer & Vishny, 1997; Claessens et al., 2000). Therefore, dividends can help mitigate the
expropriation of minority shareholders by removing free cash flows from the firms. Another distinct feature of
Chinese capital market is that a number of listed companies are owned and controlled by the government. Chen
et al. (2009) show that dividend payouts tend to be large when companies are controlled by the government but
these dividend payments might be used for tunneling rather than for just paying out free cash flows. Likewise,
Bradford et al. (2013) also find that, compared with the privately controlled firms, the state-controlled firms pay
higher dividends. However, they argue that higher dividends by state-controlled firms are not driven by the
tunneling motive but rather by the favorable accessibility to external capital.
These characteristics provide opportunities for large shareholders to
expropriate minority shareholders, e.g., by not paying dividends or transferring profits to other companies under
their control (Shleifer & Vishny, 1997; Claessens et al., 2000). Therefore, dividends can help mitigate the
expropriation of minority shareholders by removing free cash flows from the firms. Another distinct feature of
Chinese capital market is that a number of listed companies are owned and controlled by the government. Chen
et al. (2009) show that dividend payouts tend to be large when companies are controlled by the government but
these dividend payments might be used for tunneling rather than for just paying out free cash flows. Likewise,
Bradford et al. (2013) also find that, compared with the privately controlled firms, the state-controlled firms pay
higher dividends. However, they argue that higher dividends by state-controlled firms are not driven by the
tunneling motive but rather by the favorable accessibility to external capital.
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