Hardware and network infrastructures, together with related
constituents, are provided as services. These may include complete computing hardware; such as computing servers or server clusters. Specific computing elements are targeted as well, such as Central Processing Unit (CPU) time of high-performance computing systems. Supercomputers are costly but fast. Thus, their CPU time can be provided as a service for computationally intensive applications and tasks. Data storage is another hardware related element. Data storage providers offer capacity for storing data and associated services such as backups. Bandwidth of high-speed networks is also utilized as an element of service; for instance, in video streaming for movie or television networks, in phone calls over networks, or in online video conferencing. The infrastructure and hardware services may be hosted in-house, or supplied by outside providers.