2.3.4. Manothermosonication
The apple and cranberry juice were processed using an ultrasonic
processor (Hiescher UIP1000hd, Teltow, Germany) supplied
with a booster (B2-1.8) and a sonotrode (BS2d40), creating sonic
waves of 23 lm amplitude and 20 kHz frequency. A stainless steel
flow cell (Model No. FC100L1 K-1S) was used to perform continuous
sonication processing. The power output was 750 W, and the
pressure applied was 4 bar. The juice was pre-heated to 43 C
through a stainless steel coil submerged in a water bath. After processing
(8.4 min residence time), which gave an end temperature
of 58 C, the product was cooled by passing though a coil immersed
in iced water. A cooling jacket incorporating a re-circulating refrigerant
(ethylene glycol) kept at 15 C was used to control the temperature
during the actual sonication process.