Each participant was randomly assigned to captions or no-captions groups. Fourteen of the students from both captions and no-captions groups failed to take one or more of the tests or the treatment. Due to this, their results of the tests were removed from the data pool. Statistical analyses were conducted with 104 participants (N=53 in captions group and N=51 in no-captions group) who completed all of the phases of the study.