attitude which refers to the individuals’ feelings (positive or negative) towards the use of
the technologies (Fishbein & Ajzen 1975) is an important component of the TRA and the TAM, it is
not explicitly included in the UTAUT model. According to Venkatesh et al. (2003), the effect of
attitude on behavioural intention is spurious and it emerges only when performance expectancy
and effort expectancy are omitted from the model. This means that attitude towards the use of the
technologies does not provide enough unique information beyond that which is already provided
jointly by performance expectancy and effort expectancy.