The meal was defatted by shaking ground seeds with hexane (1:5 w/v, 5 min, 3 times) in an Erlenmeyer flask.
After each extraction, the combination of ground seeds and solvent were centrifuged in a refrigerated centrifuge (Jouan, model CR-4.11, SaintHerblain, France) at 2300 g for 15 min at 10 °C.
Hexane was eliminated by evaporation at ambient temperature for 12 to 15h in a fume hood.
Dried and defatted borage meal was sifted with sieves of decreasing sizes (1.0, 0.5, and 0.2 mm) to eliminate the remaining husk and reduce the particle size of the meal.