From another perspective, it remains questionable whether the kind of glue found in the living fossil Nautilus is comparable to that of the recent coleoids Idiosepius, Euprymna and Sepia. Both the phylogenetic relationship (Nautilus versus the coleoids) as well as the location of the adhesive system (tentacle epithelium in Nautilus, mantle epithelium in Idiosepius, Euprymna, and Sepia) indicate strong differences between the different systems. Moreover, in the
coleoids two gland cell types participate in glue formation, whereas in Nautilus only the columnar cells seem to be responsible for bonding. From an evolutionary standpoint, this raises the question as to whether the adhesives of the recent cephalopod species are derived from the Nautilus glue and became modified later, or whether the different bonding systems evolved independently. Our morphological results and the chemical glue data reported here provide no
indication of a potential relationship between the gland systems in glue-producing cephalopods. Molecular biological and biochemical investigations are necessary in order to characterize the different systems in more detail and to define the “original” glue of this mollusk group.
From another perspective, it remains questionable whether the kind of glue found in the living fossil Nautilus is comparable to that of the recent coleoids Idiosepius, Euprymna and Sepia. Both the phylogenetic relationship (Nautilus versus the coleoids) as well as the location of the adhesive system (tentacle epithelium in Nautilus, mantle epithelium in Idiosepius, Euprymna, and Sepia) indicate strong differences between the different systems. Moreover, in thecoleoids two gland cell types participate in glue formation, whereas in Nautilus only the columnar cells seem to be responsible for bonding. From an evolutionary standpoint, this raises the question as to whether the adhesives of the recent cephalopod species are derived from the Nautilus glue and became modified later, or whether the different bonding systems evolved independently. Our morphological results and the chemical glue data reported here provide noindication of a potential relationship between the gland systems in glue-producing cephalopods. Molecular biological and biochemical investigations are necessary in order to characterize the different systems in more detail and to define the “original” glue of this mollusk group.
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