2.3. Work Environment Characteristics. The questionnaire
addressed psychological demands of work, job control,
coworker support, and supervisor support (2 items each,
from the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ)) [39]; adequate
staffing (1 item: “my work area is adequately staffed”);
schedule control [40] (2 items); and regular night shift work
(1 question). Workplace safety and climate issues included
perceived safety (4 items, 2 from Griffin and Neal [41] and
2 developed by the investigators); having been assaulted at
work by a resident, resident’s visitor or family member in the
past 3 months; and tolerance of discrimination (1 item: “this
organization practices zero tolerance for discrimination”).
Respondents were also asked about work-family interference
[42] (3 items), employer support for family or other personal
responsibilities (1 item), and other paid jobs outside
the survey workplace. Physical requirements at work were
characterized in terms of moving or lifting heavy loads (1
item, JCQ); rapid and continuous physical activity (1 item,
JCQ); andawkwardpostures (3 items, JCQ).The sum of these
5 exposures was labeled “physically demanding work.”