The changes in anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activities of Thai purple rice cooked
by various cooking devices, including an electric rice cooker, an autoclave and a microwave oven, were
investigated. In raw rice, cyanidin-3-glucoside (cy-3-glu) and peonidin-3-glucoside (pn-3-glu) are predominant
anthocyanins, whereas protocatechuic acid (PCA) and vanillic acid (VA) are major free phenolic
acids, and ferulic acid (FA) and VA are major bound phenolic acids. The microwave cooking method
resulted in a marked loss of phenolics, anthocyanins and antioxidant activities (p < 0.05). A decrease of
cy-3-glu occurred concomitantly with an increase of PCA upon any cooking methods applied. A methanolic
extract of rice cooked under sterilization exhibited the highest content of PCA and the highest inhibition
of Caco-2 cell proliferation with an IC50 (16.11 lg/mL) comparable to that of raw rice. Thai purple
The changes in anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activities of Thai purple rice cookedby various cooking devices, including an electric rice cooker, an autoclave and a microwave oven, wereinvestigated. In raw rice, cyanidin-3-glucoside (cy-3-glu) and peonidin-3-glucoside (pn-3-glu) are predominantanthocyanins, whereas protocatechuic acid (PCA) and vanillic acid (VA) are major free phenolicacids, and ferulic acid (FA) and VA are major bound phenolic acids. The microwave cooking methodresulted in a marked loss of phenolics, anthocyanins and antioxidant activities (p < 0.05). A decrease ofcy-3-glu occurred concomitantly with an increase of PCA upon any cooking methods applied. A methanolicextract of rice cooked under sterilization exhibited the highest content of PCA and the highest inhibitionof Caco-2 cell proliferation with an IC50 (16.11 lg/mL) comparable to that of raw rice. Thai purple
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