Various aspects of the biology and ecology of the Coccinellidae are covered by several thorough reviews and books that should be consulted. These include the works of Clausen (1940), Hagen (1962), Hodek (1967, 1973), Majerus (1994); Hodek and Honek (1996) and Kuznetsov (1997). Drea and Gordon (1990) reviewed the biology of ladybird species that prey on armoured scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), and Ponsonby and Copland (1997) reviewed the species feeding on soft scales (Coccidae). Dixon's (2000) book covers ecology of predatory Coccinellidae and their interactions with various prey groups. He also discusses consequences of various ecological traits in ladybirds for their successful application in biological control.
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