Challenges encountered during health risk management included; unclear source of
contamination, between natural and man-made origins, rendering it difficult to claim
accountability from the sole zinc mine, discontinuation of rice growing on contaminated land
against local cultural beliefs, compensation for rice growing without alternative crops cultivation solution, and human rights issues for Karen population in the affected area. All these issues prompt public staffs to search for alternative ways to manage health
risks more economically,socially and culturally acceptable.