It has been theorized that DHF occurs at a greater rate in secondary infections due to
antibody-dependent viral replication. Emerging data from studies on travelers to endemic
regions who develop DHF as a primary infection, however, indicate that DHF occurs at
similar rates among individuals with primary and secondary infections. This data challenges
the traditionally accepted theory that DHF is caused by antibody-dependent viral replication.
Further research on the cause of DHF is needed.
Isolation of dengue virus from patient samples, or demonstration of infection by serological
tests showing dengue-specific antibodies, provides a definitive diagnosis of dengue virus
infection. Because no dengue-specific medications exist, treatment involves intensive
supportive care and monitoring, as well as prompt replacement of lost fluid volume.