Not all training sessions were successful. As the ANN learns, the RMS error of the testing set for “glutinous rice” (see
Figure 7-d) decreased sharply and then bounced up and continued to rise as the ANN memorized the training data. Table 4
compares the aggregate measures of forecast errors during the training session. The fitted values closely matched the actual
weekly prices. The MAPE of all 4 rice categories are below 2%.