ยี่สิบปีที่ผ่านมา Blinder และ Maccini (1991, น. 79) พบว่าสินค้าคงคลังอัตราส่วนการขายของ บริษัท สหรัฐ Twenty years ago, Blinder and Maccini (1991, p. 79) found that the inventory to sales ratios of US companies’
'สินค้าคงเหลือพบว่าไม่มีแนวโน้มลดลงระหว่างปี1959 และปี 1986 inventories showed no decreasing trend between 1959 and 1986, a result ‘which casts serious doubt on buffer stock
เป็นผลมาซึ่งปลดเปลื้องข้อสงสัยอย่างรุนแรงต่อหุ้นบัฟเฟอร์ทฤษฎีพฤติกรรมของสินค้าคงคลังตั้งแต่คอมพิวเตอร์ควรมีการลดความจำเป็นในการสินค้าคงเหลือเป็นบัฟเฟอร์ ' theories of inventory behaviour since computerisation should have reduced the need for inventories as buffers’. This
critical assessment of research on inventories evoked other empirical studies on inventory performance over time –
mainly in the US. Bairam (1996), for example, finds significant downtrends in inventory to sales ratios of individual
US manufacturing firms between 1976 and 1992. Hirsch (1996) discovers improvement in work-in-process and raw
material inventories at least for some manufacturing sectors (e.g. motor vehicles, rubber and plastics) in the US
industry from the late 1960s to the early 1990s but not for manufacturing as a whole. Using aggregate industry data,
Rajagopalan and Malhotra (2001) observe decreasing raw material and work-in-process inventories during the
period between 1961 and 1994 in the majority of the 20 manufacturing sectors analysed. Finished goods inventories
decreased in some industry sectors and increased in a few others but did not show a clear, general trend. Irvine
(2003) identifies downtrends in inventory holding for manufacturers and merchant wholesalers carrying durable
goods in the US since the mid 1980s, whereas nondurable goods retailers’, wholesalers’, and even manufacturers’
finished goods inventories and to some extent work-in-process inventories increased. After investigating the
inventories of 7433 US manufacturing firms, Chen et al. (2005, p. 1021) report that while ‘the medians of raw
materials, finished goods, and total inventory days drop, the means actually rise between 1981 and 2000’, as means
may be influenced by outliers that are focusing on medians. Based on aggregate US industry level data, Shah and
Shin (2007) find that inventory levels trended downward in the manufacturing sector, which occurred rapidly during
the 1990s. Performing the first study for a major European economy, Obermaier and Donhauser (2009) analyse
inventory performance of 100 German stock–listed corporations between 1993 and 2005. Their findings indicate
that the total inventory to sales ratio decreased in four out of six industry sectors, whereas on the firm level, they
find that half of the firms based in industry sectors that are especially well known for their use of just-in-time (JIT)
techniques show a significant decrease in total inventories
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